THIMUN+2011

**THIMUN 2011**

 * Forum Choices at THIMUN 2011:**


 * Delegation of Morocco:**

**GA1** Nazim Elnur **ECOSOC1** Fahim aboul Fadl
 * GA2** Nagui Camel-Toueg
 * GA3** Kenzy Mazhar
 * GA4** Jake Marten
 * GA5** Ian Rawley
 * GA6** Sherif Hassanein My Policy Statements
 * ECOSOC2** Ziad El Sharkawy Operative clauses Resolution
 * Disarm1** Fouad El Gohary
 * Disarm2** Sherif Camel-Toueg
 * HR1** Sarah Gohary
 * HR2** Jack Minnetian
 * ENV1** Albert Bargoud
 * ENV2** Tedi Qendro 0.5 Resolution Resolution
 * Sp.Conf1** Helmy Tatanaki
 * Sp.Conf2** Mostafa Sheta
 * ICJ Judge** Jeremie Langlois
 * AP Grenada** Saad Asif
 * AP CTO** Scott Kim

**Country Report divided into:**
Development indicators - Ian Colonial history - Sheta Recent history - Nagui

Religious issues - Helmy Morocco is a country that consists of 98% of the people being MUSLIMS 1% christian and 1% of other religions. Amidst the 98% of the Muslims, the majority of them are Sunni Muslims and only some of them are Shi'ia Muslims. Between them there is not much conflict taking place as they do not fight for power or territory, they live side by side without creating any harm to one another.

Issue 101: Improving measures to prevent youth crime Many will agree with the statement that the youth are the future. Morocco would like to fully support such a statement because the youth in the world are now the ones in charge of every countries future in the near future. Because of this Morocco is devastated knowing the amount of youth crime taking place world wide. Morocco would like to see that all countries and the UN do everything that is in its power to try and eliminate youth crime as much as possible. With an extreme amount of youth crime all of our countries’ futures will be weak and corrupt.  Issue 103:Strengthening the promotion of rehabilitation of criminals Criminal rehabilitation is an extremely important aspect that should be taking place in all prisons around the world. This idea of criminal rehabilitation is important especially to those people of whom are forward thinkers. Different forms of rehabilitation can help reduce the number of repeat offenders who return to prison after being unable to stay out of prison without committing crimes, again. Solving this issue will also help solve some of the major problems in prisons such as the over crowding of prisons. Now since the death penalty has been abolished in many countries, prison are full and those prisoners that end up leave statistics say that 75% of them return to the prisons once again.

Recommends that all nations are fully aware of the cultural difference’s of other nations before commenting on the crime punishment taking place because cultural diversity leads to different understanding of issues so: A. Some religions call upon certain punishments to take place B. Different culture’s look at certain issues in a different manner
 * __ The question of cultural differences influencing the concept of crime and punishment __**

Calls upon all governments to comply with the International Declaration of Human Rights while dealing with crime punishments through; A. Try and compromise and create a mixture of both what their culture obliges them to do and what the UN charter requires of them


 * __The question of links between international terrorism and organized crime__**

Calls upon the creation of the UNAOCT (United Nations Organization for Organized Crime and Terrorism) which will: B. Be funded by all nations who are willing to invest to control this issue C. Focus on trying to connect organized crime with terrorism showing direct proof rather then sspeculation D. Work in collaboration with the ICJ to put any possible witnesses or criminals in court.

Calls upon the creation of a relatively small organization to be part of the UN to deal with the issue of youth crime, United Nations Attempt to Decrease Youth Crime (UNADYC), which will: a. Consist of members of states that volunteer to join – advise countries with high percentage of youth crime b. Meet annually c. During meetings will discuss various ways of eliminating youth crime

Encourages all governments to take action and deal with this issue by: a. Having media campaign’s which will: i. Target all the youth in the country ii. Explain to the youth the importance of maintaining a safe life free of crime iii. Show the youth what they can be in the future b. Making all school’s teach a 4 week course to make sure that: i. The youth are crime free ii. The youth are aware of the severe risks that may take place iii. The youth practice nonaggressive communication

__**Economic Development - Ziad**__ Morocco is a developing country. Its current GDP is around $146 billion, making it 58th in comparison to the world. It is 45th in the world in terms of labor force size, with 11.46 million workers. 19.2% of which work in agriculture, 31.3% in industry and 49.4% in services. 9.1% of their population is unemployed, which is considerably low seeing as that they are 106th in the world; they have 15% of their population living in poverty. They have a high public debt at 55.1% of their GDP, their external debt being $20.06 billion. Morocco's major products are grains such as wheat and barley, citrus fruits, vegetables, livestock and wine. Their major industries are mining, food processing, energy, textiles, construction and tourism. They mainly export textiles, fertilizers, vegetables, citrus fruits, and clothing. While their major imports are petroleum, wheat, gas, electricity, plastics, textile fabrics and telecommunications equipment. Morocco has many trading partners which are Spain, France, India, Italy, China, Germany, USA, Saudi Arabia.

__**UN Role - Nazim**__ The state of Morocco is an Arab state whose role in the United Nation resembles that of its fellow Arab League members. It is an avid supporter of the Palestinian cause and calls for the establishment of a Palestinian state, it is also very vocal in regards to condemning armed conflict in the Middle East region and acts as a spokesmen for peaceful resolution. Morocco's foreign policy reflect that of a moderate Arab state that is supportive of peace initiatives in the Middle East, more specifically the Palestinian issue.

As for the UN's role in Morocco's domestic affair, the Western Sahara conflict remains one of the most controversial issues in Morocco's political atmosphere. The history of the conflict traces back to cold war roots, where the State of Morocco annexed the Western Sahara region in 1975 through military means. Ever since then, the state of Morocco has engaged in several direct armed conflicts with the Polisario front, a rebel group backed by Algeria that is vying for self-autonomy. Since then, Morocco has allowed for the entering of UN Peace Keeping forces of the MINURSO in 1991, whose goals were to " to solve difficulties of implementating a political solution through a referendum. So the mission of the UN peace keeping operation was to restrain local security forces, identify and register voters, conduct the referendum, certify the results, and supervise the losing side's withdrawal or disarmament." However, until now, the UN mission has been unsuccessful in doing so due to unforeseen violent outbreaks in the region and clashes between the Polisario and the Moroccan government.

http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/minurso/ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1997/Said.htm

Foreign Relations - Jack Morocco is a member of the United Nations and belongs to the Arab League and Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC). Morocco maintains strong ties with the West to ensure political and economical favor and The Moroccan-American Treaty of Friendship stands as the U.S.'s oldest non-broken friendship treaty. In return for support from the West, Morocco has continually aided and supported the U.S such as their involvement in the operation Desert Storm. Morocco's primary allies are France(who grants Morocco several loans and is a key trade partner) and Spain (as a result of Spain controlling Ceuta and Melila in northern Morocco). Foreign relations plays an important role in the development of Morocco as the high volume of free trade occuring between Morocco and other nations helps maintain Morocco's wealth. As well as free trade Morocco maintains several development projects, loans and investments from other nations which support Moroccos economy.

Current Government - Shifo __**Environment- Albert**__ In Morocco, soil erosion and desertification result from overgrazing of livestock, deforestation for fuel and poor soil conservation. Moroccan water supplies are contaminated by the dumping of raw materials and oil pollution. About 2.4 million tons of waste are produced each year. In total Morocco possesses 30 cubic kilometers of renewable water resources, 92% of which is utilized for farming, 3% for industrial purposes and the remaining 5% for miscellaneous purposes. In Morocco, 98% of the cities have access to water, whereas only 56% of rural villages have the same access. Morocco also faces the problem of pesticides, oil spills and insect infestations. Hunting and fishing are also very common in Morocco thus leading to strict laws pertaining to killing wildlife. Coastal marshlands are being drained to irrigate the land hence killing many species of birds. So far, 18 species of birds and 11 bird species are in danger of extinction and as many as 182 plant species are also endangered. The Ministry of Environment considers the environment as an integral aspect of Morocco’s development.

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· Eight individuals detained in October of 2009 for these reasons; Idriss Chahtane, publisher of the Almichaal weekly newspaper, was arrested after publishing a story about King Mohammed VI. The other seven are Sahrawi activists arrested after visiting the Tindouf camps run by the Polisario Front in southwestern Algeria. ======

· Suspects arrested under Morocco's counterterrorism law routinely face serious human rights violations that compromise their right to a fair trial, according to the Human Rights Watch

 * Social- Fahim**
 * Morocco does not have a problem with overpopulation or a fast growing population (growth rate is only 1.077%)
 * Has a relatively high life expectancy (about 76)
 * Has more emigrants than immigrants (-3.88 migrants/ 100 people)
 * Literacy rate is not that high (52.3%), with a rather large difference between males and females (65.7% to 39.6%)
 * Official language is Arabic, French is common for business
 * 99% of the population is Arab-Berber
 * About 99% of the population is Muslim
 * "Child labor is common, particularly in the rug making and textile industries. Young girls often work as domestic servants. Employment of children under the age of 12 is prohibited by law."
 * Domestic violence remains a widespread problem.
 * "Women comprise about 35% of the work force and are employed mostly in the industrial, service, and teaching sectors. They have the right to vote and run for office. However, **women do not have equal status** under Islamic family and estate laws."

Issue 7: Achieving the three targets of MDG1, “To reduce poverty by 2015” The three targets of MDG1 are to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day, to achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people, and to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger. Morocco strongly believes that the key to fulfilling this MDG as well as all the other, lies in education. By providing people with education—vocational or formal—gives them the opportunity to find a job. Education will help lower the number of people receiving less than $1 a day significantly and will provide people with productive employment and decent work. In order to improve education, Morocco implores governments to invest more money into their public education in order to improve the education and increase the number of schools to ensure that more children have access to education. Morocco also encourages the idea of less educated adults going to school to receive a degree or the training they might need to find suitable work.

Issue 8: Measures to promote economic participation by women in LDCs Women currently make up 35% of Morocco’s workforce, and this number is rapidly increasing. Morocco believes that women, making up a large portion of the population can contribute significantly to the workforce, both increasing and improving it. Morocco believes that in areas where families feel no need for their daughters to go to school, incentives should be provided to promote female attendance of school. In areas where coeducational schools may pose a problem, Morocco recommends the establishment of single-sex schools. By increasing the female literacy rate, women can be empowered and receive jobs. Women hold the key to a major rise in economies around the world, and this is not a matter that should be taken lightly.


 * http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Morocco-SOCIAL-DEVELOPMENT.html

Political Atmosphere - Kenzy

Trading blocks/allies/organizations - Tedi **Morocco Trading Blocks** Agadir Agreement: Signed in Morocco on the 25th of February 2004. This agreement was aimed at establishing a free trade zone between Tunisia, Egypt, Jordan and Morocco.

Greater Arab Free Trade Area: Composed of the signatory nations of the Agadir Agreement (Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Tunisia) as well as 12 other Arab nations, which are: Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Qatar, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, and the United Arab Emirates.

Arab Customs Union: This is a relatively new custom’s union since it was proposed in 2009 with the hope of ultimately achieving a customs union by 2015 and an Arab common market by 2020. Moreover, this customs union was also put forth with the hopes of better as well as increasing inter-Arab trade and integration.

African Economic Community: This is composed of African Union states in order to establish mutual economic development among themselves. The goals of this organization included: the creation of free trade areas, customs unions, a single market, a central bank, and a common currency, thereby establishing an economic and monetary union.

Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade Area Agreement: The Agadir Agreement was the first building block of this free trade agreement.

US-Morocco Free Trade Agreement: This agreement signed in 2004 has main aim as increasing trade and creating new investment between the two signatory nations.

**Allies**: Includes nations within the Arab League as well as France and the United States. France is the main trading partner of Morocco as well as the main foreign investor and creditor in the nation; thereby, placing Franco-Moroccan relations very highly. Another main ally of Morocco is Spain seeing as its investments in the African nation amount to 783 million dollar.s

**Organizations** Economic and Social Council of the Arab League: This organization deals with the economic integration of the Arab League nation states and ultimately regulates the Greater Arab Free Trade Area, the Arab Fund for Economic and Social development, and the Council of Arab Economic Unity.

Arab League: Has 22 member states and its main goal as outlined in Article 2 of the Pact of the League of Arab States in March 1945 is: “to draw closer the relations between member States and co-ordinate their political activities with the aim of realizing a close collaboration between them, to safeguard their independence and sovereignty, and to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries.”

"The Avalon Project : Pact of the League of Arab States, March 22, 1945." //Avalon Project - Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy//. Web. 22 Nov. 2010. .

ECOSOC Member

__** Military involvment - Sherif CT & Hassanein **__ Compulsory military service in Morocco has been suppressed since September 2006, and the country’s reserve obligation lasts until age 50. The country’s military consists of the Royal Armed Forces—this includes the army (the largest branch) and a small navy and air force—the National Police Force, the Royal Gendarmerie (mainly responsible for rural security), and the Auxiliary Forces. Internal security is generally effective, and acts of political violence are rare (with one exception, the [|2003 Casablanca bombings] which killed 45 peopleThe UN maintains a small observer force in Western Sahara, where a large number of Morocco’s troops are stationed. The Saharawi group [|Polisario] maintains an active militia of an estimated 5,000 fighters in Western Sahara and has engaged in intermittent warfare with Moroccan forces since the 1980s. Moroccan occupation of the Western Sahara is on going; armed resistance by Polisario is still active. [] - Data Sheet with important statistics regarding Morocco's military involvement.

As of 2009, Morocco’s military expenditures rose to 16%. The huge increase in Morocco's military spending comes at a time when the Western Sahara conflict is deadlocked and the King insists he will only accept autonomy for the former Spanish colony, while the Saharawi liberation movement Polisario demands former peace agreements be respected, which include a referendum over independence. Polisario has threatened to break the 1991 UN-brokered ceasefire, which is overseen by a UN peacekeeping mission, MINURSO.

The official name of the moroccan military is the "Royal Moroccan Armed Forces". Consists of about 230,000 soldiers.


 * Recent involvement includes:**
 * 1973** - Golan Heights. Most notable battle in this military action is the battle for Quenitra and its aid to Syria (city in southwestern Syria). It had been occupied by the Israeli army and now is an abandoned demilitarized United Nations city.
 * 1977**- The RMAF was involved in the "Shaba I Conflict". This was a conflict between Angola and Zaire. The Moroccan army successfully ended the conflict with a mere 1500 troops by aiding the Zairian president in his defense against the FLNC (Front for the National Liberation of the Congo).
 * Approximatley 1975-1991-** Most significant military actions. A 25 year war with the Algerian backed Polisario (Organization working on freeing Western Sahara from Moroccan control). There currently exists a ceasefire monitored by MINURSO (UN organization) that has been in effect since September 6, 1991.
 * 1990-1991-** Morocco took a 'symbolic' part in the Gulf War (a.k.a Persian Gulf War / Invasion of Iraq). Amongst other Arab countries.
 * 1993-** Has intervened in Somalia.


 * Peacekeeping Missions-**
 * MINURSO (1991)-** Formed after settlement plan. Between Morocco and POLISARIO of the Western Sahara
 * MONUC (1999)-** Formed after Second Congo War. In the Democratic Republic of Congo
 * ONUCI (2003)-** Formed after ceasefire of Ivorian Coast's civil war. Between government and New Forces (former rebels)
 * EUFOR (2004) -** Aids European involvement in : Bosnia & Herzegovina, Chad & Central African Republic, D R of Congo
 * KFOR (1999)-** Formed to establish a peaceful environment in Kosovo by NATO.
 * MINUSTAH (2004) -** Between Haiti and Brazil.

__**Current events - Fouad and Jake**__

Current Events

· There are many clashes along the Western Sahara, due to a dispute over boundaries. The two major factions at battle are Moroccan forces, and the region’s independence movement, Polisario Front. · There has also been recent tension with Spain due to disputes over Melilla, a region of North Africa, owned by Spain, but surrounded by Morocco. Most Moroccans view Spanish presence as a negative, and wish to claim sovereignty.

ICJ Jeremie AP Saad and Scott