Legal+Committee


 * __Turkey's Clauses:__**


 * Corrupt Practices Within The UN**

1. __Recommends__ the reform of the Security Council with the soul purpose of eliminating any possibility of corruption in the Security Council and the United Nations.

2. __Calls upon__ the formation of a United Nations agency to supervise and look over much of the activity, which includes but is not limited to; a. Who is being hired for United Nations assignments and jobs for various UN agencies throughout the world. b. All the partnerships the United Nations becomes involved with c. All the United Nations Programs and Agencies

3. __Requests__ an increase of coordination as well as cooperation with various UN agencies and some policies regarding the cooperation of between different agencies within the United Nations


 * Counteracting Terrorism With Justice**

1. __Calls upon__ nations around the world to limit and decrease the number of detentions prior to a trial of being suspect of terrorist activities.

2. __Calls upon__ supervision to be introduced and enforced in the pre trail detentions, and the people supervising should document all the actions carried out in the pre trial detentions.


 * Question of Government association with terrorist organizations**

1. __Suggests__ that all nations are given respect from other nations, as it is crucial that there is this mutual respect. Without the mutual respect we have seen on past occasions that accusations made have both caused conflicts as well as the formation and creation of terrorist organizations.

2. __Demands__ that rather than the United Nations and governments around the world providing financial aid for military purposes, it would be more beneficial to have the aid going to improving the quality and standard of life in the nations.


 * Rome Statute**

1. __Supports__ the continuation of the Rome Statute sending personal letters to Ministers and presidents requesting them to sign the Rome Statute. The increase of member nations in the Rome Statute will only benefit it.

GA 5-Legal Committee Zimbabwe Policy Statements 1. Preventing Corruption a. **Main Points** i. Oil for Food Program was launched in 1996 to prevent corruption. ii. It was a failure as Saddam used it to get rich, and the citizens didn’t get the profit that was aimed to deliver to them from the program. iii. The program gave the UN a bad reputation and diminished their state. b. **Previous Actions Taken** i. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1538, expressed concern over the Oil for Food program and its risks. ii. The United Nations Convention Against Corruption is the only legally binding anticorruption tool. c. **Zimbabwe’s Point of View** i. Seeing that Zimbabwe is a country in trouble and needs help from the international community, including a corrupt free UN, then this problem should be solved promptly. d. **Possible Solutions** i. A reform of the Security Council could rid it of corruption. ii. A reform of the Convention against Corruption to provide more binding articles to rid the UN of corruption.

2. Rome Statute and its implementation to international law a. **Main Points** i. The Rome Statute was established in 1998 to create an international system of judgment for major crimes, such as genocide or war crimes. ii. It aimed to ensure that no major international crime goes unpunished by establishing an international criminal court with jurisdiction over the most serious crimes iii. It took four years to implement, as it needed 60 member states signatures to pass. iv. It would be false to say that it is completely functional, as only 111 out of 192 member states have ratified the issue, one of the abstainers being the US, being a strong enemy of the ICC and ICJ. b. **Previous Actions Taken** i. The Statute of the ICJ is now an integral part of the UN Charter. ii. Chapter 14 of the UN Charter is about the structure and jurisdiction of the ICJ. c. **Zimbabwe’s Point of View** i. Since Zimbabwe has signed onto the statute, and its allies have as well, Zimbabwe sees this issue as an important one in establishing world peace. The statute can be an efficient and successful way of establishing an international code of law, but this won’t be fulfilled until major countries like the US sign on to the statute. d. **Possible Solutions** i. The Court must first watch how they conduct their trials, as their trial of Sudan’s President Omar Al-Bashir cost them a few signatures from Africa. ii. The Court should send letters to the leaders and government officials of the unsigned nations, urging them to sign on by stating the benefits and safety of the Statute.

3. Countering terrorism with justice with a focus on inhumane treatment and torture a. **Main Points** i. Over the past decades, there has been a constant war on terror. The question looming has been “Can nations use torture to combat terrorism?" ii. According to international law, and the United Nations Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhumane, or degrading treatment or Punishment, the use of torture or inhumane treatment is wrong, and must be abolished.  iii. Even countries that have signed the Convention still continue to use torture to combat terrorism.  b. **Previous Actions Taken**  i. The United Nations Convention Against Torture, and Other Cruel, Inhumane or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, is the main convention that prohibits torture. More than 180 parties have signed the convention, but some have failed to fulfill its laws and still continue to torture.  ii. Resolution A/RES/60/288: This resolution established the Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, which is a plan to stop terrorism.  iii. Universal Declaration of Human Rights: It is agreed upon by all UN Members, but is too general and has no power behind it to enforce its laws. It outlaws torture. c. **Zimbabwe’s Point of View** i. Zimbabwe sees torture as a degrading, unfair act that should be completely abolished from the international community. Responding to terrorism with more terrorism is inhumane, and all countries should cease torture immediately and find other methods of punishment and interrogation. d. **Possible Solutions** i. There must be collaboration between members of the international community. The Global Counter-Terrorism strategy is a good prospect, but the world must come up with a more realistic deliberate plan to eliminate terrorism. ii. Supervision in interrogation facilities should be implemented to monitor torture. iii. The Convention Against Torture should be reformed to become more binding and specific with its guidelines against torture and how to deal with countries that still commit torture.

4. The question of governments that hold associations with terrorist organizations a. **Main Points:** i. Many nations and their governments have been accused of holding associations with terrorist organizations, which has been keeping many large terrorist groups, such as Taliban, strong and at large. ii. This issue is a major factor that holds back the war on terror, as associations with governments can make terrorist groups unstoppable. iii. Pakistan has been accused of being a safe haven for terrorists, as large groups like Al-Qaeda are working within its borders and Pakistani forces are unable to find and take out these terrorist organizations. b. **Previous Actions Taken:** i. Many resolutions have passed in the Security Council to provide guidelines for how governments should act to prevent any encounters of terrorism. 1. The ones that have failed have been the resolutions on Iran, as sanctions on Iran have been loose which allowed them to get past them, and these sanctions haven’t helped much as they have angered the Irani government. c. **Zimbabwe’s Point of View** i. Zimbabwe sees this issue as a major one, as terrorist organizations’ links with governments are not just unjust, but provide these organizations with a secure pathway and lead to them having a strong future. ii. Eliminating all government ties will effectively weaken major terrorist organizations, such as the Taliban and Al-Qaeda in Pakistan and Afghanistan. d. **Possible Solutions** i. Terrorism stricken nations need to provide safe and thorough education to its illiterate citizens, in order to educate them about the wrongs of terrorism. The illiteracy in countries such as Pakistan has been an issue, as terrorist organizations such as the Taliban have been brainwashing uneducated people to drag them into their terrorist plans. ii. The Palestine-Israel conflict must be solved, as the struggle has brought up several terrorist groups with a large motive, to destroy Israel. iii. Countries with struggles should be provided with money, not only for military, but for domestic purposes; improving the life of the citizens and providing them with an easy life. iv. The Afghanistan Iraq problem must be solved. Terrorism is flourishing in both countries. Iran blames its terrorism on the terrorism present in its neighbors countries. Ending terrorism in Afghanistan and Iraq will calm down terrorism in Iran, Pakistan, and possibly even Syra.


 * Sherif Zaki's Work: Turkey**

• During this very serious fight on “world terror” the world has failed to see many issues with human rights as a result of this battle with terror. • There is a need to focus on combating terror without violating the human rights of people around the world. o Some violations include but are not limited to torture and inhumane treatment of people • Iraq and the UK are both guilty of human rights violations and mistreatment as a result of combating terror. • Despite the fact that torture has been outlawed, it is still present in the present day. • Also the torture often occurs in unknown locations, which makes the challenge of stopping it even greater. • The United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment committee has limited authority in countries that have not signed in the convention. More authority may be needed in order to make this convention more effective. • United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment is the main convention that is involved with this issue (signed by more than 180 parties) • A past resolution that was adopted by the UN in attempt to stop or counteract terrorism is resolution A/RES/60/288 that was a resolution that had nations agree to work together to stop terrorism. • UN Declaration of Human Rights simply outlaws torture. This problem with this is that there is no power to enforce this declaration. • Due to a lack of supervision United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment in a sense failed because due to the fact that torture is outlawed on an international stage, it is usually done in secrecy. • Turkey strongly believes that supervision must be enforced over interrogations over potential terrorist suspects. • Also Turkey believes that as torture is something that is internationally condemned then countries should abide by Human Rights declaration, which outlaws torture of any kind. • The delegation of Turkey believes that for there to be a solution to this issue, nations must be realistic in their solutions to this issue. • Terrorism must be eliminated off the face of the earth as a whole and the delegation believes that steps have been taken in order to do this that have been positive such as the Global-Terrorism Strategy. • “Innocent until proven guilty” must be put into stronger effect throughout the world, especially in regard to terrorist actions. • Supervision must be enforced over interrogations over potential terrorist suspects.
 * General Assembly 5, Issue #3: Countering terrorism with justice with a focus on inhumane treatment and torture.**
 * Main Points to Consider Within this Issue:**
 * What Has Already Been Done:**
 * Country’s Point of View:**
 * Possible Solutions:**

• Perhaps the most notable or infamous terrorist event is the event of September 11, 2001 in the United States • Many nations today accuse and suspect other nations of having association with terrorist organizations. • This issue has caused further conflict around the world, as accusations made have caused this conflict. • Many sanctions have been imposed on nations and governments that had affiliations with terrorist organiztaions, however these sanctions have been ineffective. • Many nations have gone into other nations in order to try to combat terrorists and terrorism within a nation, which may have affiliation with the nation itself. • Resolution 9948 (sanctions on Iran) • Resolution 1373 • Resolution 1696 • Resolution 1269 • Many terrorist organizations have been formed as a result of the occurrence of conflict within a nation or region. • Nations must be respected by other nations, and accusations must not be made until proof is provided. • Actions that may be considered skeptical must be justified by nations that are doing the actions. • Education is of course a solution to this issue as it is a solution to many issues around the world. The delegation of Turkey believes that education must be provided so that people within nations know the rights and wrongs of terrorism. • As terrorist organizations have formed due to the Palestinian and Israeli conflict, the delegation of Turkey believes a solution to that issue will eliminate some terrorist organizations.
 * General Assembly 5, Issue #4: The question of governments that hold associations with terrorist organizations.**
 * Main Points to Consider Within this Issue:**
 * What Has Already Been Done:**
 * Country’s Point of View:**
 * Possible Solutions:**

• The Oil For Food Program was launched and began in 1996, “with the aim of relieve the suffering of ordinary Iraqis under the sanctions” this was to occur by allowing Iraq to by food and other needs to help the condition of the suffering Iraqis. • The United Nations adopted Resolution 986 on April 14, 1995, which was the resolution that establishes the Oil For Food Program, as a “temporary measure to provide for the humanitarian needs of the Iraqi people”. • Corruption today not only occurs at a small level but is also occurring in the largest of organizations including the United Nations. • Many allegations of corruptions have been made by other member nations and organizations directed at the United Nations as a body itself. • United Nations Resolution 661 was the resolution that imposed a trade embargo on Iraq during the rein of Saddam Hussein. • As previously mentioned, Security Council Resolution 986, which established the Oil-For-Food Program. • There was a special type of contract that was made between the United Nations and the nation of Iraq in 1996 called “Memorandum of Understanding between the Secretariat of the United Nations and the government of Iraq”. • It is in the opinion of the Nation of Turkey that the United Nations reforms the Security Council in attempt to eliminate any Corruption that may occur, as Turkey strongly opposes corruption of any sort. • Turkey would like to ensure that the Oil For Food program continue as it has had strong results, however it stresses the importance that no corruption occur. • The reform of the security council, and perhaps other sections of the United Nations (as previously stated) • There should be increased communication and well as cooperation between different sections and agencies of the United Nations and it should be easier to communicate. • There should be changes in policies throughout the United Nations to allow for more and freer communication between various agencies within the UN.
 * General Assembly 5, Issue #1: Preventing corrupt practices within UN secretariat with a retrospective focus on “Oil for Food” program in Iraq.**
 * Main Points to Consider Within this Issue:**
 * What Has Already Been Done:**
 * Country’s Point of View:**
 * Possible Solutions:**

• The main purpose of the Rome Statute was to make sure that a crime that was related to or concerning the international community would be punished and punished fairly. • The Rome Statute in no way violates the sovereignties of Nations, however “only supports national criminal jurisdictions” • Only 111 out of 192 member nations of the United Nations are part of the Rome Statute. • The United States withdrew from the Rome Statute on the 6th of August 2002, only one month after it was ratified. • The UN Charter has a significant part about the Statue of the International Court of Justice, which is very important in regards to this issue. • Peacekeepers became exempt from prosecution as a result of UN Security Council Resolution 1422. • Turkey is hesitant to make changes to our constitution and we believe that our sovereignty would be at stake should we accept the jurisdiction of the ICC, so we continue not to respond to the requests to join.
 * General Assembly 5, Issue #2: Rome Statute and its implementation to international law**
 * Main Points to Consider Within this Issue:**
 * What Has Already Been Done:**
 * Country’s Point of View:**