Disarmament+Committee

Disarmament Clauses

1.Regulation of arms trade with Somalia ZIMBABWE

Overview -There is a highly profitable illegal arms trade in Somalia -The warring warlords are the ones causing most of the violence -The government has close to no power in the country -the warlords control almost everything in the country including food

International -There are many UN trade embargos on somalia -Many warlords make money through piracy and stealing other nations good when they pass near Somalia

National -Some countries also refuse to trade with zimbabwe -ZImbabwe uses brute force to control people as well -The somali government needs to take control like robert mugabe did in zimbabwe -the somali government needs to find some way to come to an agreement with the warlords

Solutions TURKEY Overview · Somalia is a country of conflict, and there is constant civilian casualties in the country, especially in Mogadishu, due to small arms · The illegal arms trade industry is booming · Somalia’s violence is due to the warring clans · The clan leaders have no spot in the government · Many Asian, Eastern European, and African nations buy, sell and produce small arms · The groups of arms traders are very powerful, dangerous and have many corrupt officials and extensive resources o Extremely organized, planned International · The UN has passed an arms trade embargo on the country, yet the gun trade is still flourishing · Somali government have attempted to crack down on trade in capital, but were overwhelmed and failed National · Somalia in good relation with Arab nations o Supplies oil to Somalia at low costs · Turkey imports great amounts of weapons from US  · Turkey at times, misused weapons e.g. on civilians · Somalia is dangerous b/c it is not stable o A solution must be found in a timely manor · Turkey believes this because it is usually somewhat in accordance with the Arab states, because it does not want to openly challenge them, whom have a less urgent view on the issue, and is in accordance with European countries, realizing that Somalia is a threat and needs to be dealt with before catastrophe strikes Solutions 1. 1. Weapons are needed by the government, so highly strategized, organized and heavily protected caravans of ammunition and weapons should be brought into the country and be given to the TFG, with the construction of a top secret governmental weapons cache, heavily guarded by UN and militarily active NGO’s 2. 2. International trade should be highly welcomed in Somalia, insofar, that Somalia reaps the more beneficial side of the transaction, and the country trading receives international recognition for their deeds 3. 3. A national military be founded and internationally trained by willing countries, to return to Somalia with a proper training and equipment, to fight against the war clans, with the goal of obtaining control of Mogadishu two years after the installment of the program
 * 1) A new government be put in place with the warlords placed as territorial governors of their regions of the country in order to bring power back to the government and passify the warlords
 * 2) Strict border controls be put into place by the UN peacekeeping force to ensure the tradsing of weapons is put to an end

2.Control of conflict minerals

TURKEY · The conflict nations mainly include DR Congo and Rwanda, many different forces involved · Most minerals mined include o Cassiterite o Wolframite o Coltan o Gold · These minerals are mostly baught and used by international electric companies where they place the parts in cell phones, laptops, etc.  · The conditions the miners work in are heinous and many are killed · Some are not paid for their work International · In US Senate, someone tried to pass law that required electronic companies to verify and disclose their sources of cassiterite, wolframite, and tantalum. This legislation failed. · Obama signed Act that requires to have full transparency with where and how they got their minerals National · Turkey is against the mining of conflict minerals, and have a policy against the use of children o But turkey cannot be to firmly against labor policies because they themselves still have many child labor issues, and just recently all employees in the country were given mandatory rights · A superpower like the US or UK need to step in try and halt all mineral trade coming from that region, in an attempt to render the mines out of business o Turkey has very strong alliances with US and UK, and believe in a few countries stepping in and taking charge Solutions 1. 1. Reforms should be made by DRC and Rwanda to improve the economic benefits of farming, as agriculture has failed in those countries, and people turn to mining as another option 2. 2 Education needs to be mandatory in conflict nations, so children can get off the streets and improve their quality of living, and this should be funded and organized by UNICEF 3. 3. An awareness campaign take effect ASAP to educate and inform consumers about the issue itself, what they are buying from companies, what companies are getting their minerals legitimately, and a fund available for the public to donate to, that helps children workers go to school and etc.

ZIMBABWE

Overview -Conflict minerals are minerals mined in conflict zones that are used to fund the combatants -The miners are generaly prizoners and are pushed to death in the mines -The main places where there are conflict minerals is the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda -Conflict minerals are not only precious stones like diamond and rubies but more usefull ones like Tin.

International -The KPCS (Kimbberly process certification scheme) is a UN supported process for the elimination of conflict diamonds -There was an act signed in the US that requires full transparency for any mineral imports

National -Zimbabwe does not have any mineral mines -Zimbabwe is indifferent on this issue as the current government was once a resistance movement and understands the need to funding one and how resistance and rebel movements that usually mine these are important

Solutions
 * 1) Conflict mines should be seized and turned into government controlled mines
 * 2) Trade should be monitored by the UN peacekeeping forces in order to ensure that no illegal minerals leave the country
 * 3) People who would be miners need to be offered a way to get a better education so that they don't have to work in conflict mines

3.The issue of Negative Security Assurances (NSAs)

· Negative security assurances (NSAs) and positive security assurances (PSAs) are statements by nuclear powers intended to reassure non-nuclear weapon states that they will not be the victims of nuclear attack o An NSA is a declaration that a country will not use nuclear weapons against a non-nuclear weapon state o A PSA declaration is one in which a nuclear weapon state pledges that it will come to the aid of a non-nuclear weapon state if that state is the victim of a nuclear attack o There is no formal treaty on NSAs, although all nuclear-weapon states, including China, have issued unilateral NSA pledges. The five nuclear powers harmonized their PSAs in April 1995, in UN Security Council Resolution 984 · Many NSA are extremely vague and ambiguous, not allowing countries to really know if they are a possible perpetrator of these rules, such as the NSA of the US  · China’s NSA is unconditional which is helpful and law-abiding · The US has many more allies then others, therefore must have wide open NSA International · All SC nuclear powers have NSA’s available to the public for all to see · PSA’s have been put in place by all SC nuclear powers National · Turley agrees that NSA’s are extremely useful and they need to remain used in todays world, but turkey finds that some of the NSA’s are very ambiguous and obscure, so far in that a nation may not even know it is is violating the terms of one NSA · More clear cut and decisive NSA’s need to be instated, so we can keep nuclear warfare to a minimum o A nuclear bomb in this day and age can easily bring about a nuclear holocaust Solutions 1. The nuclear NPT nations adopt a more clear cut and set NSA so as all countries know the full extent of their actions 2. Nuclear power be achieved more easily by nations wishing to obtain it, with other more experienced countries helped through any means possible 3. The destruction of nuclear waste by sending it off in space capsuls in space ships and be sent off into space with no real destination

4.Measures to strengthen IAEA protocol on building nuclear energy infrastructure for peaceful purposes

· In the past, the IAEA have been able to control the actions of states regarding nuclear energy · In the past years, rogue countries like Israel, Iran, North Korea, India, Pakistan, have gotten away with defying the rules of the NPT and the IAEA safeguards · The IAEA realistically does not hold enough power and to diverge these countries from their deadly future by creating nuclear weapons International · the NPT and the IAEA were created · IAEA uses peer review to keep themselves in check · Both create annual reports and reviews of themselves so they can improve self-critic National · Turkey has been struggling to attain a nuclear energy program, and it is still in the process of developing one · Turkey has set the date for the construction of a nuclear power plant with Russia agreeing to be the main constructors, funders, and controllers of the plant Solution 1. Iran be cleared of its bad image by the rest of the world regarding its nuclear affiliations, and no longer perused and attacked on the issue by any body 2. The empowerment of the IAEA and the NPT so they have a more controlling voice and input on matters at hand, rather than the UN and the US controlling, the aforementioned bodies are the experts on the topic and should choose what happens 3. Further communication and more frequent peer reviews and reports on all issues at hand today, and that both bodies allow for all sides of an argument to be heard clearly and understood before judging to pursuing the nation/individual