Territorial+Disputes+Committee

Dalia (Turkey) 1. **THE ISSUE OF CHECHNYA** **__Turkey's Viewpoint:__** Turkey deems the issue in Chechnya crucial as it condemns the serious human rights abuses and atrocities against the Chechens. Turkey supports the trials and imprisonment of any individuals related to any acts of violence against the Chechens, such as those carried out by a military court in Southern Russia during June 2007. Having Chechen refugees currently living in Turkey, we have seen first-hand the direct effects of the issue. Turkey has a predominately Muslim population who have supported Chechnya's cry for independence and have protested against Ramzan Kadyrov, the ringleader of the puppet regime established in Chechnya upon his visit in May. Turkey sides with all countries wishing to see Chechnya an independent state and has been open about aiding Chechnya in doing so.
 * __ Main Points: __**
 * Religion. Chechnya- Muslim, Russia- orthodox Christian.
 * Development of Chechnya to empower the country and stabilize it
 * Racism/ Human rights abuses (freedom of speech and freedom of media coverage)
 * Whether Chechnya should have autonomy but remain under Russian control or have complete independence
 * Having a set system of electing officials and making sure warlords do not overpower the authority of those elected
 * Carrying out orders by the UNHCR to trial those who have infringed the human rights of Chechens
 * Russia portraying Chechen rebel forces as part of the global terror network post 9/11 and uses this to justify its methods
 * __ International Input: __**
 * The Russian-Chechen Peace Treaty
 * Resolutions by the UNHCR condemning human rights abuses by Russia against the Chechens. Specifically in April 2000, and April 2001.
 * April 2004 the UNHCR rejected a resolution on Chechnya
 * In 2000, the Council of European Parliamentary Assembly in Strasbourg discussed stopping Russian attacks in Chechnya and finding a peaceful solution to the conflict.
 * The international community had been pressing Russia pre-9/11 attacks however, with Russia accusing Chechen rebel forces of being part of the global terror network post 9/11 there has been a decrease in pressure.

Zimbabwe sympathizes with Chechens, the in human treatment of an entire group is a grievous atrocity that requires immediate international attention. Zimbabwe recommends that those responsible for the human rights violations be brought to justice in courts of uninvolved neighboring countries, so that objectivity remains intact. Independence is an issue close to Zimbabweans hearts that brings forth the countries full support on the matter of Chechnya.
 * __ Zimbabwe's Viewpoint: __**

__ Three Solutions: __
 * Economic and social aid so that they will become a financially free state leading them to independence
 * Providing a safe return to all Chechen refugees and all those displaced due to this issue
 * Prosecuting all those who have been related to any human rights abuses and deploying UN peacekeepers in the region to ensure peace
 * __ Statements by Turkish Leaders: __**
 * "We must remind that Chechen freedom fighters have never been involved in terrorist acts neither in our homeland nor on the territory of other countries."
 * "the history will never forgive the Turkish government if it is indifferent to the human tragedy in Chechnya" -Abdullah Gul, Milli Gazete 1999
 * "today we gathered here to show everybody that we support our brothers in Chechnya..." -1996, when Recep Tayyip Erdogan was the metropolitan mayor of Istanbul

Clause 1:

__Deeply Urges__ its fellow nations to provide the Chechnyans with 1) A steady and suitable amount of financial aid that should assist them in their attempt to become independent. 2) Any other form of aid that could be deemed helpful, legal and nothing of lethal-calibur, i.e. no weapons of any sort.

Clause 2:

Suggests that the Russians and the Chechnyans make a border agreement similar to that of the UN Partition Plan for Israel and Palestine in 1947 which would consist of the amount of land the Chechnyans wish to gain as well as specific terms that the Russians would like met in order for there to be an equal consensus over the subject. This would provide a swift end to the problem as well as save valuable time and resources.

Clause 1:

Suggests a new form of currency to be created soley for Chechnya in order to 1) Reduce the power of Russia within Chechnya, by not depending on Russian mints  2) Create a Chechen economy that will support the nation 3) Aid in achieving sovereignty

2. **THE ISSUE OF SELF DETERMINATION OF SOUTH YEMEN**
 * __Main Points: __**
 * Not getting international recognition due to its location and severity
 * Widespread corruption and electoral fraud accusitions based upon the claim that the power-sharing arrangement agreed to by both parties in 1990 has been mishandled in favour of the ruling party
 * South Yemen is home to the wealth of Yemen, having the majority of the country's oil reserves. South Yemen feel that their land has been illegally appropriated as part of a pre-planned conspiracy by the rulers of North Yemen.
 * Share in public offices (power share). Many people in SY were forced into early retirement with little compensation. They feel they don't get a fair say in the government as it is held by mostly North Yemen officials.
 * Economic and political marginalization of the south

__**International Input: **__ Turkey views the issue in an optimistic manner as we see a comprehensive peace agreement in the future. Turkey believes that splitting the country into North and South is not only detrimental for each side, but for the region. South Yemen is not yet economically stable to be independent and has no means of successful leadership at the moment. North Yemen is currently facing issues with rebel groups and Saudi Arabia. Splitting the country will cause further conflict to arise as most of the oil reserves are located in the South, and stripping the North of such wealth will not result in peace. Turkey however understands the South's feelings of unjust treatment and therefore supports the reconciliation of this issue by dividing the wealth among both sides. Turkey believes that there should be a just manner in power sharing and that both sides should receive appropriate positions in all aspects of the country (governmental and non-governmental sects). This issue is at a point of immediate grasp as to not result in an increase of violence and to promote peace in the Arab peninsula.
 * UNSC resolution 188: resolution on the complaint of Yemen due to the British Air Forces’ attack on 28 March 1964
 * The UN SC resolution 931: about the civil war of 1994
 * The UNGA resolution 46/174 addressing the refugee problem
 * Peace talks between officials from Oman, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia have talked with the UNSC and Yemeni officials
 * __Turkey's Viewpoint: __**

Without political unity as well as economical stability, Yemen will continue to suffer from its lack of unity. With the support of the Souths riches Northern Yemen will be able to build up a self sustaining infrastructure that is required to keep a country functioning. Zimbabwe feels that the great wealth of Yemen's oil fields be distributed throughout the people, so great tragedies such as Nigeria are avoided. It is vital to the survival of the country that it is not separated because this would tear apart the remaining country as well as surrounding nations. __Three Solutions: __ "The United Nation aims at uniting people not promoting disintegration in issues easily resolved" - Abduallah Gul
 * __Zimbabwe's Viewpoint:__**
 * Distribution of public offices to both sides, ensuring that a comprehensive stance is taken on all issues relating to the country
 * Promotion of employment in new and innovative aspects beneficial to the government as 40% of the country is unemployed. This would help ease the reliance of Yemen on oil reserves as its top source of income ( The World Bank predicts that state revenues from oil sales will fall to zero in 2017.)
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Distribution of the wealth among the population of Yemen to promote unity, justice, and equality; aswell as stabilize its economy
 * __<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Statements by Turkish Leaders: __**

Clause 1:

__Requests__ that Yemen's resources be divided evenly between both the North and South of the country in order to maintain economic stability and to create a sense of unity between both parties, decrease the rampant corruption rate in North Yemen as both parties will be similar in terms of wealth as well as prevent the likelihood of this issue to evolve into something of higher magnitude such as that of Sudan.

Clause 2:

__Proposes__ that a committee that is dedicated to making sure that the distribution of resources between North Yemen and South Yemen is accurate and equal as well as to make sure that there is no corruption in the process be established in Yemen in order to further stabilize the situation, make sure that the distribution is occuring as well as to ease the tensions in the country.

Clause 2: Proposes that a council be formed called the Yemenite Municipal Council on Area Disputes (YMCAD), this council will contain 100 men, 50 from the north and 50 from the south all men and women of position and standing among their respective areas. There will also be a neutral party moderating the council to maintain productivity whilst advocating for national unity, this council will 1) have the power to enforce all consensuses reached 2) will be able to act in the best interests of the yeminites

__** Main Points: **__ __** International Input: **__ Turkey strongly supports Eritrea in its struggle to have Ethiopia agree on the demarcation of the borders by the Eritrean-Ethiopian Border Commission.Turkey condems Ethiopia's human rights abuses against the Eritrean population and strongly believes that Ethiopia should receive appropriate consequences. Turkey calls on Ethiopia to ensure that they comply with the Algiers Agreement and on Eritrea to in turn make it easier for Ethiopian traders to use its ports peacefully. Turkey supports the creation of an UN monitored organization (modeled after the UNMEE) to provide aid to the region to enable it to prosper and develop.
 * 3.THE TERRITORIAL DISPUTE BETWEEN ERITREA AND ETHIOPIA**
 * Demarcation
 * Violation of the territorial integrity and sovereignty
 * Aggression perpetrated on Eritrea by the Ethiopian government
 * The issuing of an official map that incorporates large swathes of Eritrean territory by the Ethiopian government
 * The employment of the Ethiopian army to occupy the lands that it had incorporated on its map.
 * Human rights issues; Ethiopia deporting Eritreans or Ethiopians of Eritrean origin from Ethiopia
 * The Algiers Agreement (12 December 2000)
 * Security Council Resolution 1312 (31 July 2000)
 * Eritrean Peace Plan (14 May 1998)
 * OAU's Peace Plan (8 June 1998)
 * The US-Rwandan Peace Plan (3 June 1998)
 * Security Council Resolution 1177 (26 June 1998)
 * Security Council Resolution 1226 (26 January 1999)
 * Arab states specifically Syria have provided the ELF with food and military aid
 * Along with the AU and the UNHCR
 * __ Turkey's Viewpoint: __**

__**Zimbabwe's Viewpoint:**__ Oppression is a well known entity in Zimbabwe, which generates a great deal of sympathy for the Eritreans in Zimbabwe. A great deal of injustices have occurred in Eritrea due to the Ethiopian presences, and these matter require international attention, Ethiopia needs to feel the surrounding disagreement of its actions in order for change to occur. __ Three Solutions: __
 * Establishing an organization to provide aid to the region rather than monitor the zone.
 * Calling on Ethiopia to agree to the OAU Framework Plan and proposing appropriate consequences if anything is not carried out.
 * Holding a conference to promote friendly ties between the two countries to promote and sustain development in the region

Clause 1:

__Urges__ Eritrea to allow Ethiopians to utilize trade routes via Eritrean ports peacefully since they have been landlocked by the formation of this new state, in return for Ethiopia not to further violate the sovereignty of Eritrea, cease all forms of aggression and abuse and hopefully recognize it as a state.

Clause 2:

__Urges__ its fellow countries to provide financial aid as well as basic resources needed to survive to both nations. This could be done by establishing a committee whose purpose would be to donate these forms of aid to both countries in an equal manner without increasing tensions between the countries.

Clause 3:

Suggests that talks engage between the two countries in order to ensure that they secure friendly ties as well as to ensure that there will be no further feuds or conflicts between the two nations of Ethiopia and Eritrea.

Clause 3:

Strongly urges all nations to place an embargo on Ethiopia in order to persuade the nation into ceasing all violence with the Eritrean people, this will support a peaceful negotiation between the two nations and an end to all the human rights violations that are being committed by the Ethiopians.

__Main Points:__ __** Turkey's Viewpoint: **__ Turkey recognized PRC on 5 August 1971. Turkey pursues "One China" policy and recognizes the PRC as the sole legal representative of China. Since 1971, the relations between the two countries have been developing in a stable pace. Turkey believes that Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu are all part of China and should remain that way. "The two countries follow peaceful foreign policies based on friendship, mutual trust and respect for national sovereignty and territorial integrity, non-interference in internal affairs and mutual benefit. Turkey and PRC share similar views on major international issues. Given its rich historical and cultural heritage, its unique geographic location in the world, its economic power, and Permanent Member Status in the UN Security Council, Turkey considers PRC as a very important partner." " Turkey´s Political Relations with China / Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs." //Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs//. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. [] __ Three Solutions: __ __** Statements by Turkish Leaders: **__ *November 19th 2010, Turkey prepared to sign a bilateral deal with Taiwanese transportation authorities to launch direct Turkish Airlines (THY) flights to Taiwan.
 * 4. THE ISSUE OF TAIWAN**
 * Political status: Independence
 * PRC argues that "the ROC and PRC are two different factions in the Chinese Civil War, which never theoretically ended." therefore they both belong to the same sovereign country, China.
 * Representation in the UN: "representatives of the People's Republic of China are the only lawful representatives of China to the United Nations"
 * PRC believes that it is within their legal rights to extend its jurisdiction to Taiwan (military means if necessary)
 * __ International Input: __**
 * UNGA resolution 2758
 * UNGA resolution 505
 * Treaty of Shimonoseki
 * Cairo Declaration
 * Treaty of Taipei
 * San Francisco Peace Treay
 * Postdam Declaration
 * 1949-Present recognition of an independent Taiwan
 * Only 23 countries maintain official diplomatic relations with Taiwan
 * The promotion and enhancement of cross-strait negotiations
 * Reviewing UNGA resolution 2758 and 505
 * Maintaining the current status of Taiwan, however promoting friendlier relations between the two countries
 * "We strongly pursue "One China" policy and recognize the PRC as the sole legal representative of China"- Ahmet Davutoğlu, foreign minister of Turkey
 * "... Both Taiwan and Turkey have trade offices in the other country. However, Turkey does not recognize Taiwan as an independent state"

Clause 1:

__Strongly requests__ that Taiwan and China engage in talks over what shall be done about the issue. If there is no consensus that is agreed upon by either party within the course of two years, Taiwan must be willing to be recognized as a part of China rather than a "runaway state" immediately in order to prevent any further possible conflict from occurring since the Chinese are willing to use military force to neutralize the problem at hand.

Clause 2:

__Suggests__ that Taiwan make a set of specific requests to the Chinese government that they would like met in order for them to be recognized as a part of China rather than an independent sovereignty. These requests shall consist of no form of weapons, finance or aid but rather than a set of rights which they wish to be granted. Further aid can be donated by other countries.

Clause 3:

Urges its fellow nations to consider reviving UNGA resolution 505 which deals with "Threats to the political independence and territorial integrity of China". This should help ease the issue and provide a better and safer solution to the problem rather than resorting to military action.


 * unsure*

Clause 4:

Calls for the illegitimate nation of Taiwan to rejoin the nation of China in order to relinquish any chance of war over land that rightfully belongs to China, however China should respect the areas ability to self govern and allow the region to remain semi-sovereign.